Xantinol
Xantinol Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Xantinol is a very potent water-soluble derivative of niacin that can be found in diet supplements. It is also known as xanthinol nicotinate. Xaninthol is known to be a potent vasodilator that can easily pass through the cell membrane and once inside the cell it causes an increase in glucose metabolism resulting in an increased energy. It was approved as a drug in 1998 in Canada and nowadays its status is cancelled post marketing.
Reports indicate that xanthinol increases blood flow in the vascular beds. The use of xanthinol in clinical trials have reported improvements in the performance of healthy elderly individuals in short- and long-term memory tests. The later effect is explained by the enhancing on the cell metabolism and oxygen supply in the brain by the rise of ATP in erythrocytes which allows penetration into capillaries easier and a higher oxygen pressure in the capillary blood which improves oxygenation of surrounding tissue.
| Trade Name | Xantinol |
| Generic | Xanthinol |
| Xanthinol Other Names | Xantinol |
| Type | |
| Formula | C13H21N5O4 |
| Weight | Average: 311.342 Monoisotopic: 311.159354176 |
| Protein binding | From the administered dose of xanthinol between 90.9 and 100% can be retreived in the plasma. |
| Groups | Approved, Withdrawn |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Xantinol is a vasodilatory niacin found in diet supplements.
Xantinol is primarily used in diet supplements to increase the brain metabolism of glucose and obtain ATP. Xantinol is also used as an agent to reduced cholesterol as it is a vasodilator. Its action allows having an elevated rate of blood flow in the brain which helps improve memory function, concentration and awareness. Thus, due to his actions, xanthinol is indicated to improve cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disorders as well as hyperlipidaemias.
How Xantinol works
The positively charged xanthinol ion is thought to help the transportation of the nicotinic acid into the cell since the later cannot freely diffuse through the cell membrane. The mechanism of action is thought to be related to present influence in the cell metabolism through the nucleotides NAD and NADP. Also, the nicotinic acid is a coenzyme for a lot of proteins involved in tissue respiration (Embden-Meyerhof and citrate cycle). The effect of xanthinol nicotinate causes an increase in glucose metabolism and energy gain.
Toxicity
It is thought to cause flushing, hypotension and abdominal pain.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of xanthinol is 0.93 L/kg.
Elimination Route
Xantinol is readily absorbed in the body with an absorption half life of 0.4 h. After absorption, xanthinol nicotinate rapidly degardes into the negatively charged nicotinic acid and the positively charged xanthinol ion.
Half Life
The reported elimination half-life of xanthinol is 1.67h.
Clearance
The total body clearance rate for xanthinol is 0.63 L h/kg.
Elimination Route
In urine, the two stereoisomeric forms of the xanthinol metabolites represents about 7-8% of the eliminated xanthinol.
Innovators Monograph
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